Pico Communications Network Card PicoScope 2104 User Manual

PicoScope 2104 & 2105  
PC Oscilloscopes  
User guide  
PS2100044-1.0  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
 
Introduction  
1
1
Introduction  
Overview  
1.1  
The PicoScope 2104 and 2105 PC Oscilloscopes are low-cost handheld instruments  
that are fully USB 2.0-capable and backwards-compatible with USB 1.1. There is no  
need for an additional power supply, as power is taken from the USB port.  
With the PicoScope software, you can use your instrument as a PC Oscilloscope and  
spectrum analyser; and with the PicoLog software, you can use it as a data logger.  
Each product pack contains the following items:  
PicoScope 2104 or 2105 PC Oscilloscope  
Software CD  
Accessories kit  
Quick start guide  
Please read the important information in this introductory section and then proceed to  
1.2  
Safety symbols  
Warning Triangle  
This symbol indicates that a safety hazard exists on the indicated  
connections if correct precautions are not taken. Ensure that you read  
all safety documentation associated with the product before using it.  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
PS2100044-1.0  
 
PicoScope 2104 & 2105 PC Oscilloscope User Guide  
2
1.3  
Safety warning  
We strongly recommend that you read the general safety information below before  
using your PicoScope PC Oscilloscope for the first time. Safety protection built in to  
the equipment may cease to function if the equipment is used incorrectly. This could  
cause damage to your computer, or lead to injury to yourself and others.  
Maximum input range  
The PicoScope 2104 and 2105 PC oscilloscopes are designed to measure voltages in  
the range -20 V to +20 V and are protected against continuous or transient  
overvoltages of up to ±50 V. Any voltages in excess of ±50 V may cause permanent  
damage to the oscilloscope or to your computer.  
Measurement category  
PicoScope 2000 Series PC Oscilloscopes are rated for use in measurement category I  
(EN61010 CAT I), which covers measurements on circuits not connected to the  
mains. You must not use your PicoScope PC Oscilloscope to make measurements on  
any circuit directly connected to the mains, unless you use a purpose-built isolating  
probe rated for the appropriate voltage and measurement category.  
Safety grounding  
The PicoScope PC Oscilloscopes connect directly to the ground of a computer through  
the interconnecting cable provided.  
As with most oscilloscopes, avoid connecting the ground input to any source other  
than ground. If in doubt, use a meter to check that there is no significant AC or DC  
voltage between the ground input of the oscilloscope and the point to which you  
intend to connect it. Failure to check may cause damage to your computer, or lead to  
injury to yourself and others.  
You should assume that the product does not have a protective safety earth.  
Repairs  
PicoScope PC Oscilloscopes contain no user-serviceable parts. Repair or calibration of  
the unit requires specialised test equipment and must be performed only by Pico  
Technology. Spare probe tips are available from Pico Technology and its authorised  
distributors.  
1.4  
FCC notice  
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A  
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to  
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is  
operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can  
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the  
instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.  
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference  
in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.  
For safety and maintenance information see the safety warning.  
PS2100044-1.0  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
 
   
Introduction  
3
1.5  
1.6  
CE notice  
The PicoScope 2104 and 2105 PC Oscilloscopes meet the intent of the EMC directive  
89/336/EEC and have been designed to EN61326-1 (1997) Class A Emissions  
and Immunity standard.  
The devices also meet the intent of the Low Voltage Directive and have been  
designed to meet the BS EN 61010-1:2001 IEC 61010-1:2001 (safety  
requirements for electrical equipment, control, and laboratory use) standard.  
Licence conditions  
The material contained in this release is licensed, not sold. Pico Technology Limited  
grants a licence to the person who installs this software, subject to the conditions  
listed below.  
Access  
The licensee agrees to allow access to this software only to persons who have been  
informed of these conditions and agree to abide by them.  
Usage  
The software in this release is for use only with Pico products or with data collected  
using Pico products.  
Copyright  
Pico Technology Limited claims the copyright of, and retains the rights to, all material  
(software, documents etc.) contained in this release. You may copy and distribute the  
entire release in its original state, but must not copy individual items within the  
release other than for backup purposes.  
Liability  
Pico Technology and its agents shall not be liable for any loss, damage or injury,  
howsoever caused, related to the use of Pico Technology equipment or software,  
unless excluded by statute.  
Fitness for purpose  
Because no two applications are the same, Pico Technology cannot guarantee that its  
equipment or software is suitable for a given application. It is your responsibility,  
therefore, to ensure that the product is suitable for your application.  
Mission-critical applications  
This software is intended for use on a computer that may be running other software  
products. For this reason, one of the conditions of the licence is that it excludes usage  
in mission-critical applications; for example, life-support systems.  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
PS2100044-1.0  
 
 
PicoScope 2104 & 2105 PC Oscilloscope User Guide  
4
1.7  
1.8  
Trademarks  
Delphi is a registered trademark of Borland Software Corporation.  
LabView is a registered trademark of National Instruments Corporation.  
Pentium is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.  
Pico Technology Limited, PicoLog and PicoScope are internationally registered  
trademarks.  
VEE is a registered trademark of Agilent Technologies.  
Windows, Excel and Visual Basic are registered trademarks of Microsoft  
Corporation.  
Warranty  
Pico Technology warrants upon delivery, and for a period of 24 months unless  
otherwise stated from the date of delivery, that the Goods will be free from defects in  
material and workmanship.  
Pico Technology shall not be liable for a breach of the warranty if the defect has been  
caused by fair wear and tear, wilful damage, negligence, abnormal working conditions  
or failure to follow Pico Technology's spoken or written advice on the storage,  
installation, commissioning, use or maintenance of the Goods or (if no advice has  
been given) good trade practice; or if the Customer alters or repairs such Goods  
without the written consent of Pico Technology.  
1.9  
Company details  
Address:  
Interworld Electronics & Computers Inc.  
P.O. Box 1280  
145 Tyee Drive, Suite 3120  
Point Roberts, WA  
98281  
Phone:  
Fax:  
1-877-902-2979  
1-877-FAX-IECI  
Email:  
Technical Support:  
Sales:  
sales@interworldna.com  
Web site:  
PS2100044-1.0  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
 
Product information  
5
2
Product information  
Minimum system requirements  
2.1  
For the PicoScope PC Oscilloscope to operate, a computer with the minimum system  
requirements to run Windows or the following (whichever is the higher specification) is  
required:  
Processor  
Memory  
Pentium class processor or equivalent, minimum.  
32 MB minimum.  
Disk space  
Operating system  
Ports  
10 MB minimum.  
Microsoft Windows 98SE, ME, 2000 or XP.  
USB 1.1 compliant port minimum. USB 2.0 compliant port  
recommended. Must be connected direct to the port or a  
powered USB hub. Will not work on a passive hub.  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
PS2100044-1.0  
 
 
PicoScope 2104 & 2105 PC Oscilloscope User Guide  
6
2.2  
Installation instructions  
Important  
Do not connect the PicoScope PC Oscilloscope to your PC until you have  
installed the software.  
Install the software by following the steps in the installation guide supplied with  
your oscilloscope.  
Connect the oscilloscope's USB cable to the PC.  
There is no need for an additional power supply as power is drawn from the USB  
port.  
Checking the installation  
Once you have installed the software, ensure that the PicoScope PC Oscilloscope is  
connected to the PC and then start the PicoScope or PicoLog software. PicoScope  
should show a small 50 Hz or 60 Hz mains signal in the oscilloscope window when you  
touch the probe tip with your finger. PicoLog, once configured for a PicoScope 2000  
Series oscilloscope, should show a small noise voltage.  
Input connector  
The PicoScope 2104 and 2105 PC Oscilloscopes have a built-in oscilloscope probe. This  
can be unscrewed if damaged, and replaced with a spare part available from Pico  
Technology or its authorised distributors.  
Connectors and controls  
1.USB cable. After installing the Pico software, plug the free end of this cable into  
your computer's USB port.  
2.Probe. Touch this to the signal to be measured. You can fit a probe hook or  
insulating collar to the end of the probe. All these accessories are supplied with the  
oscilloscope.  
3.Ground clip. You must connect this clip, which is supplied in the accessories pack,  
to the ground reference point of the circuit or equipment under test. Do not rely on  
your computer to supply a ground connection through the USB cable.  
4.Illuminated button. Press this briefly to start or stop the oscilloscope. Press and  
hold to activate automatic setup when running PicoScope. The light glows or flashes  
green when the oscilloscope is running, and glows red when the instrument is  
stopped.  
PS2100044-1.0  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
 
 
Product information  
7
2.3  
Specifications  
Variant  
PicoScope 2104  
PicoScope 2105  
Vertical Resolution  
Analog Bandwidth  
8 bits  
10 MHz  
25 MHz  
Maximum Sampling Rate  
Real-time  
Repetitive (using ETS)  
50 MS/s  
1 GS/s  
100 MS/s  
2 GS/s  
Timebases  
Buffer Size  
Input  
10 ns/div to 50 s/div 5 ns/div to 50 s/div  
8k samples 24k samples  
Oscilloscope probe  
1 MW impedance  
AC/DC coupling  
Voltage Ranges  
Accuracy  
±100 mV to ±20 V in 1, 2, 5 steps  
3 % (voltage)  
100 ppm (time)  
Linearity  
< 1 LSB at 25 °C  
Environmental Limits  
Operating temperature  
0 °C to 45 °C  
(20°C to 30°C for quoted accuracy)  
5% to 80% RH, non-condensing  
-20°C to +60°C  
Operating humidity  
Storage temperature  
Storage humidity  
5% to 95% RH, non-condensing  
Overload Protection  
±50 V (input to ground)  
PC Connection  
USB 2.0  
Compatible with USB 1.1  
Power Supply  
From USB port: 4.6 to 5.25 V @ 300 mA  
Maximum Dimensions  
220 mm long (probe only)  
3 m long (including cable)  
32 mm diameter  
Compliance  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
PS2100044-1.0  
 
 
PicoScope 2104 & 2105 PC Oscilloscope User Guide  
8
3
Technical reference  
Driver  
3.1  
Once you have installed the PicoScope and PicoLog software, Windows will  
automatically install the driver when the PicoScope PC Oscilloscope is plugged in for  
the first time.  
The Windows 98SE/ME/2000/XP/2003 32-bit driver,  
, is installed in the  
picopp.sys  
Windows directory. It is loaded using an  
file,  
.
picopp.inf  
inf  
3.2  
Driver error codes  
This section is aimed at those people who intend to write their own programs for use  
with the driver. A description of the driver error codes is given below. If the PicoScope  
or PicoLog software reports an error, refer to the FAQ.  
Code Enumeration  
Description  
0
1
PS2000_OK  
The PicoScope 2000 Series unit is functioning  
correctly.  
Attempts have been made to open more than  
PS2000_MAX_UNITS_OPENED  
units.  
PS2000_MAX_UNITS  
2
PS2000_MEM_FAIL  
Not enough memory could be allocated on the  
host machine.  
3
4
5
PS2000_NOT_FOUND  
PS2000_FW_FAIL  
No PicoScope 2000 Series unit could be found.  
Unable to download firmware.  
The PicoScope 2000 Series unit is not responding  
to commands from the PC.  
PS2000_NOT_RESPONDING  
6
7
PS2000_CONFIG_FAIL  
The configuration information in the oscilloscope  
has become corrupt or is missing.  
The operating system is not one of the supported  
products: Windows 98SE, ME, 2000, XP and  
2003.  
PS2000_OS_NOT_SUPPORTED  
PS2100044-1.0  
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Technical reference  
9
3.3  
Functions  
3.3.1  
ps2000_close_unit  
short ps2000_close_unit ( short handle )  
This function shuts down a PicoScope 2000 Series PC Oscilloscope.  
Arguments  
Returns  
, the handle, returned by ps2000_open_unit(), of the unit  
being closed.  
handle  
if a valid handle is passed, if not.  
1
0
3.3.2  
ps2000_flash_led  
short ps2000_flash_led ( short handle )  
This function flashes the red light in the unit's pushbutton three times, and returns  
within one second.  
Arguments  
Returns  
, the handle of the PicoScope PC Oscilloscope.  
handle  
if a valid handle is passed, if not.  
1
0
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
PS2100044-1.0  
 
PicoScope 2104 & 2105 PC Oscilloscope User Guide  
10  
3.3.3  
ps2000_get_timebase  
short ps2000_get_timebase ( short  
handle,  
short  
long  
long  
short  
short  
long  
timebase,  
no_of_samples,  
* time_interval_ns,  
* time_units,  
oversample,  
* max_samples)  
This function discovers which timebases are available on the oscilloscope. This  
function should be called after channel and ETS options have been set.  
Arguments  
, the handle to the required device.  
handle  
, a code between 0 and the maximum timebase number  
timebase  
(depending on variant). Timebase 0 is the fastest timebase, equal to  
the maximum sampling frequency ( ) given in the Specifications.  
Each successive timebase is half the frequency of the previous one.  
the sampling frequency, is given by:  
,
, the number of samples required. This value is used to  
no_of_samples  
calculate the most suitable time unit to use.  
, a pointer to the time interval, in nanoseconds,  
time_interval_ns  
between readings at the selected timebase. If a null pointer is passed,  
nothing will be written here.  
, a pointer to the most suitable time units to return data  
time_units  
in, when calling ps2000_get_times_and_values(). A list of values  
for is given under ps2000_get_times_and_values(). If a  
time_units  
null pointer is passed, nothing will be written here.  
, the oversampling factor required, between 1 and 256.  
oversample  
See oversampling for an explanation.  
, a pointer to the maximum number of samples  
max_samples  
available. The number may vary depending on the number of  
channels enabled, the timebase chosen and the  
selected.  
oversample  
If this pointer is null, nothing will be written here.  
Returns  
if all parameters are in range, otherwise .  
1
0
PS2100044-1.0  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
 
 
Technical reference  
11  
3.3.4  
ps2000_get_times_and_values  
long ps2000_get_times_and_values(  
short  
long  
handle,  
* times,  
short  
short  
short  
short  
short  
short  
long  
* buffer_a,  
* buffer_b,  
* buffer_c,  
* buffer_d,  
* overflow,  
time_units,  
no_of_values )  
This function is used to get values and times. It will not return any valid times if the  
unit is in streaming mode. It is essential for ETS operation.  
Arguments  
, the handle to the required device.  
handle  
, a pointer to the buffer for the times. Each time is the interval  
times  
between the trigger event and the corresponding sample. Times  
before the trigger event are negative, and times after the trigger  
event are positive.  
pointer to the buffer that receives data from the  
buffer_a,  
oscilloscope. If the pointer is  
, nothing will be written to it. See  
NULL  
Scaling for details of data format.  
buffer_b,  
buffer_c,  
not used  
buffer_d,  
overflow.  
time_units  
Bit 0 indicates whether an overflow has occurred.  
, which can be one of the following:  
( ) = femtoseconds,  
PS2000_FS 0  
( ) = picoseconds,  
PS2000_PS 1  
( ) = nanoseconds (default),  
PS2000_NS 2  
( ) = microseconds,  
PS2000_US 3  
( ) = milliseconds, or  
PS2000_MS 4  
( ) = seconds.  
PS3000_S 5  
the number of data points to return. In streaming  
no_of_values,  
mode, this is the maximum number of values to return.  
Returns  
The actual number of data values returned, which may be less than  
the  
if streaming.  
no_of_values  
is returned if one or more of the parameters are out of range or if  
0
the times will overflow with the  
requested. Use  
time_units  
ps2000_get_timebase() in order to acquire the most suitable  
.
time_units  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
PS2100044-1.0  
 
 
PicoScope 2104 & 2105 PC Oscilloscope User Guide  
12  
3.3.5  
ps2000_get_unit_info  
short ps2000_get_unit_info (  
short  
char  
short  
short  
handle,  
* string,  
string_length,  
info )  
This function writes information about the oscilloscope to a character string. If the unit  
fails to open, only information types and are available to explain why the last open  
0
6
unit call failed.  
Arguments  
, the handle to the device from which  
is required. If an  
info  
handle  
invalid handle is passed, the error code from the last unit that failed  
to open is returned.  
, a pointer to the character string buffer in the calling  
* string  
function where the unit information string (selected with  
) will be  
info  
stored. If a null pointer is passed, no information will be written.  
, the length of the character string buffer. If the string  
string_length  
is not long enough to accept all of the information, only the first  
characters are returned.  
string_length  
, an enumerated type specifying what information is required  
info  
from the driver.  
Returns  
The length of the string written to the character string buffer,  
,
string  
by the function. If one of the parameters is out of range, or a null  
pointer is passed for , zero will be returned.  
string  
info  
Information returned  
Example  
"1, 3, 0, 0"  
PS2000_DRIVER_VERSION (0)  
PS2000_USB_VERSION (1)  
Version number of the DLL used by the  
PicoScope 2000 Series driver.  
Type of USB connection that is being used "2.0"  
to connect the oscilloscope to the  
computer.  
PS2000_HARDWARE_VERSION  
(2)  
Hardware version of the attached  
oscilloscope.  
Model of PicoScope 2000 Series unit that is "2105"  
attached to the computer.  
"4"  
PS2000_VARIANT_INFO (3)  
PS2000_BATCH_AND_SERIAL  
(4)  
Batch and serial number of the  
oscilloscope.  
Calibration date of the oscilloscope.  
"INR73/6"  
PS2000_CAL_DATE (5)  
"17Jan06"  
"0"  
PS2000_ERROR_CODE (6)  
One of the Error codes.  
PS2100044-1.0  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
 
Technical reference  
13  
3.3.6  
ps2000_get_values  
long ps2000_get_values( short  
handle,  
short  
short  
short  
short  
short  
long  
* buffer_a,  
* buffer_b,  
* buffer_c,  
* buffer_d,  
* overflow,  
no_of_values )  
This function is used to get values. It does nothing if ETS triggering is enabled.  
Arguments  
, the handle to the required device.  
handle  
pointer to the buffer that receives data from the  
buffer_a,  
oscilloscope. If the pointer is  
, nothing will be written to it. See  
NULL  
Scaling for details of data values.  
buffer_b,  
buffer_c,  
unused pointers  
buffer_d,  
The least-significant bit indicates whether an overflow has  
overflow.  
occurred.  
. The number of data points to return. In streaming  
no_of_values  
mode, this is the maximum number of values to return.  
Returns  
The actual number of data values returned, which may be less than  
if streaming.  
is returned if one of the parameters  
no_of_values  
FALSE  
is out of range.  
3.3.7  
ps2000_last_button_press  
short ps2000_last_button_press ( short handle )  
This function returns the last registered state of the pushbutton on the PicoScope  
2104 or 2105 PC Oscilloscope and then resets the status to zero.  
Arguments  
Returns  
handle of the device  
handle -  
– No button press registered  
– Short button press registered  
– Long button press registered  
0
1
2
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
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PicoScope 2104 & 2105 PC Oscilloscope User Guide  
14  
3.3.8  
ps2000_open_unit  
short ps2000_open_unit ( void )  
This function opens a PicoScope 2000 Series PC Oscilloscope. The API driver can  
support up to four units.  
Arguments None  
Returns  
if the unit fails to open,  
if no unit found,  
-1  
0
(handle) if the unit opened  
>0  
3.3.9  
ps2000_ready  
short ps2000_ready ( short handle )  
This function checks to see if the oscilloscope has finished the last data collection  
operation. It does nothing if the unit is in streaming mode.  
Arguments  
Returns  
, the handle to the required device.  
handle  
(meaning 'ready') is returned when the unit has collected a complete  
1
block of data or the auto trigger timeout has been reached.  
If an invalid handle is passed, or the unit is in streaming mode, it  
returns ( meaning 'not ready').  
0
(meaning 'device not attached') is returned if the endpoint transfer  
-1  
fails, indicating that the unit may well have been unplugged.  
PS2100044-1.0  
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Technical reference  
15  
3.3.10  
ps2000_run_block  
short ps2000_run_block (  
short  
long  
short  
short  
long  
handle,  
no_of_samples,  
timebase,  
oversample,  
* time_indisposed_ms )  
This function tells the unit to start collecting data in block mode.  
Arguments  
, the handle to the required device.  
handle  
, the number of samples to return.  
no_of_samples  
, a code between 0 and the maximum timebase (depending  
timebase  
on variant). Timebase 0 is the fastest timebase, equal to the  
maximum sampling frequency ( ) given in the specifications. Each  
successive timebase is half the frequency of the previous one. , the  
sampling frequency, is given by:  
, the oversample factor, a number between 1 and 256.  
oversample  
See oversampling for more information.  
, a pointer to the  
time_indisposed_ms  
. This is  
time_indisposed_ms  
the approximate time, in milliseconds, that the ADC will take to collect  
data. If a trigger is set, it is measured from the trigger event. It is  
calculated as:  
(sample interval) x (number of samples required)  
Note: The actual time may differ from computer to computer,  
depending on how fast the computer can respond to I/O requests.  
Returns  
if one of the parameters is out of range, otherwise .  
0
1
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
PS2100044-1.0  
 
 
PicoScope 2104 & 2105 PC Oscilloscope User Guide  
16  
3.3.11  
ps2000_run_streaming  
short ps2000_run_streaming ( short  
handle,  
short  
long  
short  
time_interval_ms,  
max_samples,  
windowed )  
This function tells the unit to start collecting data in streaming mode. If the function is  
called when a trigger has been enabled, the trigger settings will be ignored.  
Arguments  
, the handle to the required device.  
handle  
time_interval_ms  
samples. This can be no shorter than 1 ms.  
, the time interval, in milliseconds, between  
, the maximum number of samples that the driver is to  
max_samples  
store. This can be no greater than 60 000. It is the caller's  
responsibility to retrieve data before the oldest values are overwritten.  
If this is , only the values taken since the last call to get  
windowed.  
0
values are returned. If it is 1, the number of values requested by  
ps2000_get_values()are returned, even if they have already been  
read by ps2000_get_values(). See streaming mode for details.  
Returns  
if streaming has been enabled correctly,  
if a problem occurred or a value was out of range.  
1
0
PS2100044-1.0  
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Technical reference  
17  
3.3.12  
ps2000_set_channel  
short ps2000_set_channel ( short  
handle,  
short  
short  
short  
short  
channel,  
enabled,  
dc,  
range )  
Specifies whether a channel is to be enabled, the position of the AC/DC switch and the  
input range.  
Arguments  
, the handle to the required device.  
handle  
, an enumerated type, must be  
or .  
channel  
PS2000_CHANNEL_A  
0
, specifies whether the channel is active:  
= active,  
enabled  
TRUE  
= inactive.  
FALSE  
, specifies the position of the AC/DC switch:  
dc  
= DC,  
= AC.  
TRUE  
FALSE  
, a code between 3 and 10. See the table below.  
range  
Returns  
if unsuccessful, or if one or more of the arguments are out of range.  
if successful.  
0
1
Code  
3
4
5
6
7
8
Enumeration  
Range  
±100 mV  
±200 mV  
±500 mV  
±1 V  
PS2000_100MV  
PS2000_200MV  
PS2000_500MV  
PS2000_1V  
PS2000_2V  
PS2000_5V  
±2 V  
±5 V  
PS2000_10V  
PS2000_20V  
9
10  
±10 V  
±20 V  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
PS2100044-1.0  
 
 
PicoScope 2104 & 2105 PC Oscilloscope User Guide  
18  
3.3.13  
ps2000_set_ets  
long ps2000_set_ets (  
short  
short  
short  
short  
handle,  
mode,  
ets_cycles,  
ets_interleave )  
This function is used to enable or disable ETS (equivalent time sampling) and to set  
the ETS parameters.  
Arguments  
, the handle to the required device.  
handle  
mode:  
( ) - disables ETS,  
- PS2000_ETS_OFF 0  
( ) - enables ETS and provides  
- PS2000_ETS_FAST 1  
of  
ets_cycles  
data, which may contain data from previously returned cycles,  
( ) - enables ETS and provides fresh data every  
- PS2000_ETS_SLOW 2  
cycles. This takes longer to provide each data set, but the  
ets_cycles  
data sets are more stable and are unique.  
, specifies the number of cycles to store: the computer can  
ets_cycles  
then select  
cycles to give the most uniform spread of  
ets_interleave  
should be between two and five times the value  
samples.  
ets_cycles  
of  
.
ets_interleave  
, specifies the number of ETS interleaves to use. If  
ets_interleave  
the sample time is 20 ns and the interleave 10, the approximate time  
per sample will be 2 ns.  
Returns  
If ETS is enabled, the effective sample time will be returned.  
if ETS is disabled or one of the parameters is out of range.  
0
PS2100044-1.0  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
 
 
Technical reference  
19  
3.3.14  
ps2000_set_trigger  
short ps2000_set_trigger ( short  
handle,  
short  
short  
short  
short  
short  
source,  
threshold,  
direction,  
delay,  
auto_trigger_ms )  
This function is used to enable or disable triggering and its parameters. Triggering is  
not available in streaming mode.  
Arguments  
, the handle to the required device.  
, specifies where to look for a trigger.  
handle  
source  
Use  
( ) or  
PS2000_CHANNEL_A 0  
( ).  
PS2000_NONE 5  
, the threshold for the trigger event. This is scaled in 16-bit  
threshold  
ADC counts at the currently selected range.  
. Specifies the edge on which to trigger. Use  
direction  
( ) or  
PS2000_RISING 0  
( ).  
PS2000_FALLING 1  
, specifies the delay, as a percentage of the requested number of  
delay  
samples, between the trigger event and the start of the block. It  
should be in the range -100% to +100%. Thus, 0% means that the  
the trigger event is at the first data value in the block, and -50%  
means that it is in the middle of the block.  
, the delay in milliseconds after which the unit will  
auto_trigger_ms  
collect samples if no trigger event occurs. If this is set to zero, the unit  
will wait for a trigger indefinitely.  
Returns  
if one of the parameters is out of range, otherwise .  
0
1
3.3.15  
ps2000_stop  
void ps2000_stop ( short handle )  
Call this function to stop the unit sampling data. If this function is called before a  
trigger event occurs, the unit may not contain valid data.  
Arguments  
Returns  
, the handle to the required device.  
handle  
if an invalid handle is passed, otherwise .  
0
1
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
PS2100044-1.0  
 
   
PicoScope 2104 & 2105 PC Oscilloscope User Guide  
20  
3.4  
Advanced features  
3.4.1  
Sampling modes  
A PicoScope PC Oscilloscope can run in various sampling modes. At high sampling  
rates, the oscilloscope collects data much faster than a PC can read it. To compensate  
for this, the oscilloscope stores a block of data in an internal memory buffer, delaying  
transfer to the PC until a preset number of data points has been sampled. This is  
called block mode. At very low sampling rates, you may want to switch to  
streaming mode. This allows accurately timed data to be transferred back to the PC,  
without gaps. Real-time continuous mode is also provided for use at low sampling  
rates, and allows capture of data from multiple converters.  
Sampling mode support in Pico software  
Block Streaming Real-time  
continuous  
PicoScope Yes * † Yes * †  
No  
PicoLog Yes * Yes *  
Yes  
*
Only with a single converter  
PicoScope automatically selects block or streaming mode  
3.4.2  
More on block mode  
In block mode, the computer prompts a unit to collect a block of data into its internal  
memory. When the oscilloscope has collected the whole block, it will signal it is ready,  
and transfer the whole block into computer memory via the USB port.  
The maximum number of values depends upon the size of the oscilloscope's memory.  
A PicoScope PC Oscilloscope can sample at a number of different rates, which  
correspond to the maximum sampling frequency divided by 1, 2, 4, 8 and so on.  
The PicoScope 2000 Series driver normally performs a number of setup operations  
before collecting each block of data. This can take up to 50 milliseconds. If it is  
necessary to collect data with the minimum time interval between blocks, avoid calling  
setup functions between calls to ps2000_run_block(), ps2000_ready(),  
ps2000_stop()(not normally used) and ps2000_get_values().  
PS2100044-1.0  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
 
Technical reference  
21  
3.4.3  
More on streaming mode  
In streaming mode, the computer prompts the unit to start collecting data. The data  
are then transferred back to the PC without being stored in oscilloscope memory. Data  
can be sampled with a period between 1 millisecond and 60 seconds.  
Data can be transferred by the PicoScope 2000 Series driver to a computer program in  
either normal or windowed mode.  
Normal mode  
In normal mode, any data collected since the last data transfer operation are returned  
in their entirety. This mode is useful if the computer program requires only fresh data  
on every transfer.  
Windowed mode  
In windowed mode, a fixed number of samples is returned, even if the oldest samples  
have been returned before. Windowed mode is useful when the program requires data  
from a constant time interval.  
Notes  
Once the unit is collecting data in streaming mode, any setup changes (for example,  
changing a channel range or AC/DC setting in the PicoScope software application) will  
cause a restart of the data stream.  
The driver can buffer up to 32K samples of data per channel, but the user must ensure  
that the ps2000_get_values()function is called frequently enough to avoid buffer  
overrun.  
The ps2000_get_times_and_values() function will always return  
in  
FALSE (0)  
streaming mode.  
3.4.4  
3.4.5  
Triggering  
The unit can either start collecting data immediately, or it can be programmed to wait  
for a trigger event to occur. In either case, you need to use the  
ps2000_set_trigger()function. A trigger occurs when the input crosses a threshold  
voltage on either a rising or a falling edge.  
ETS (Equivalent Time Sampling)  
ETS is a way of increasing the effective sample rate when working with repetitive  
signals. It is not possible to use ETS with one-shot signals. ETS is controlled by the  
ps2000_set_trigger() and ps2000_set_ets() functions, and is available in block  
mode only. Calls to the ps2000_set_trigger()function have no effect in streaming  
mode. As ETS will return random time intervals, the  
function will return  
.
FALSE (0)  
3.4.6  
Voltage ranges  
It is possible to set the gain for each channel with the ps2000_set_channel()  
function. This allows you to set an input voltage range between ±100 mV and ±20 V.  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
PS2100044-1.0  
 
 
PicoScope 2104 & 2105 PC Oscilloscope User Guide  
22  
3.4.7  
AC/DC operation  
Using the ps2000_set_channel()function, the input can be set to either AC or DC  
coupling. When AC coupling is used, any DC component of the signal is filtered out.  
3.4.8  
Oversampling  
When the unit is operating in block mode at speeds less than the maximum, it is  
possible to oversample, which means taking more than one measurement during a  
time interval and returning an average. This reduces the effects of noise, and  
increases the effective vertical resolution of the oscilloscope.  
Setting an oversampling factor of n increases the time interval by a factor of n and  
reduces the maximum number of samples by the same factor. At the same time it  
increases the effective resolution by the amount given by the equation:  
increase in resolution (bits) = ( log oversample ) / ( 2 log 2 )  
For example, an oversampling factor of four increases the resolution by one bit.  
The ps2000_run_block()function controls oversampling.  
3.4.9  
Scaling  
PicoScope 2000 Series PC Oscilloscopes have a resolution of 8 bits, but the  
oscilloscope driver normalises all readings to 16 bits. This enables it to take advantage  
of noise reduction from oversampling, when this is enabled. The following table shows  
the relationship between the reading from the driver and the voltage of the signal.  
Reading  
-32 767  
0
Voltage  
Negative full scale  
Zero volts  
32 767  
Positive full scale  
PS2100044-1.0  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
 
   
Technical reference  
23  
3.4.10  
Combining oscilloscopes  
With PicoLog or your own program, it is possible to collect data using up to four  
PicoScope 2000 Series PC Oscilloscopes at the same time. Each unit must be  
connected to a separate USB port, or, if a USB hub is used, it must be a powered hub.  
The ps2000_open_unit()function returns a handle to a unit, and all of the other  
functions require this handle for unit identification. For example, to collect data from  
two units at the same time:  
handle1 = ps2000_open()  
handle2 = ps2000_open()  
ps2000_set_channel(handle1)  
... set up unit 1  
ps2000_run(handle1)  
ps2000_set_channel(handle2)  
... set up unit 2  
ps2000_run(handle2)  
ready1 = FALSE  
ready2 = FALSE  
while not ready1  
ready1 = ps2000_ready(handle1)  
while not ready2  
ready2 = ps2000_ready(handle2)  
ps2000_get_values(handle1)  
ps2000_get_values(handle2)  
Note: It is not possible to synchronise the collection of data between PicoScope PC  
Oscilloscopes that are being used in combination.  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
PS2100044-1.0  
 
PicoScope 2104 & 2105 PC Oscilloscope User Guide  
24  
3.5  
Using different modes  
3.5.1  
Introduction  
The previous section on advanced features supplied the programmer with extended  
information on PicoScope 2000 Series PC Oscilloscopes. The C sample program,  
, demonstrates how to use the functions of the driver software, and  
ps2000con.c  
includes examples showing how to use each of the modes available.  
3.5.2  
Using block mode  
This is the general procedure for reading and displaying data in block mode:  
1.Open the unit using ps2000_open_unit()  
2.Select channel range and AC/DC switch using ps2000_set_channel()  
3.Using ps2000_set_trigger(), set the trigger if required  
4.Using ps2000_get_timebase(), select timebases until the required time per sample  
in nanoseconds is located  
5.Start the unit running using ps2000_run_block()  
6.Wait until the unit says it is ready using ps2000_ready()  
7.Transfer the block of data from the unit using ps2000_get_values()or  
8.Display the data  
9.Repeat steps 5 to 8 as many times as necessary  
10.Stop the unit using ps2000_stop().  
3.5.3  
Using streaming mode  
This is the general procedure for reading and displaying data in streaming mode:  
1.Open the unit using ps2000_open_unit()  
2.Select channel range and AC/DC switch using ps2000_set_channel()  
3.Start the unit running using ps2000_run_streaming()  
4.Transfer the block of data from the unit using ps2000_get_values()  
5.Display the data  
6.Repeat steps 4 to 5 as necessary  
7.Stop the unit using ps2000_stop()  
3.5.4  
Using ETS mode  
This is the general procedure for reading and displaying data in ETS mode:  
1.Open the unit using ps2000_open_unit()  
2.Select channel range and AC/DC switch using ps2000_set_channel()  
3.Using ps2000_set_trigger(), set the trigger if required  
4.Set ETS mode using ps2000_set_ets()  
5.Start the unit running using ps2000_run_block()  
6.Wait until the unit says it is ready using ps2000_ready()  
7.Transfer the block of data from the unit using ps2000_get_times_and_values()  
8.Display the data  
9.Repeat steps 5 to 8 as necessary  
10.Stop the unit using ps2000_stop()  
PS2100044-1.0  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
 
   
Technical reference  
25  
3.6  
Programming  
3.6.1  
C
There are two C example programs: one is a simple GUI application, and the other is a  
more comprehensive console mode program that demonstrates all of the facilities of  
the driver.  
GUI example  
The GUI example program is a generic Windows application - that is, it does not use  
Borland AppExpert or Microsoft AppWizard. To compile the program, create a new  
project for an Application containing the following files:  
ps2000.c  
ps2000.rc  
and  
(Borland 32-bit applications); or  
(Microsoft Visual C 32-bit applications)  
ps2000bc.lib  
ps2000.lib  
The following files must be in the compilation directory:  
ps2000.rch  
ps2000.h  
and the following file must be in the same directory as the executable.  
ps2000.dll  
Console example  
The console example program is also a generic Windows application - that is, it does  
not use Borland AppExpert or Microsoft AppWizard. To compile the program, create a  
new project for an Application containing the following files:  
ps2000con.c  
and  
(Borland 32-bit applications); or  
(Microsoft Visual C 32-bit applications).  
ps2000bc.lib  
ps2000.lib  
The following files must be in the compilation directory:  
ps2000.h  
and the following file must be in the same directory as the executable.  
ps2000.dll  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
PS2100044-1.0  
 
 
PicoScope 2104 & 2105 PC Oscilloscope User Guide  
26  
3.6.2  
Visual Basic  
The  
subdirectory contains the following files:  
Win32\  
- project file  
- procedure prototypes  
- form and program  
ps2000.vbp  
ps2000.bas  
ps2000.frm  
Note: The functions that return a  
value return 0 for  
and 1 for  
,
TRUE/FALSE  
FALSE  
TRUE  
whereas Visual Basic expects 65 535 for . To avoid this problem, check for  
TRUE  
> 0  
rather than  
.
= TRUE  
3.6.3  
3.6.4  
Delphi  
The program  
Oscilloscopes. The file  
ps2000.inc  
in your own programs. Other required files include  
demonstrates how to operate PicoScope 2000 Series PC  
ps2000.dpr  
contains procedure prototypes that you can include  
,
and  
ps2000.res ps2000fm.dfm  
. This has been tested with Delphi version 3.  
ps2000fm.pas  
Excel  
1. Load the spreadsheet  
2. Select Tools | Macro  
3. Select GetData  
4. Select Run  
ps2000.xls  
Note: The Excel Macro language is similar to Visual Basic. The functions which return  
a
value, return 0 for  
and 1 for  
, whereas Visual Basic expects  
TRUE  
TRUE/FALSE  
FALSE  
65 535 for  
. Check for  
TRUE  
rather than  
.
= TRUE  
> 0  
3.6.5  
3.6.6  
Agilent VEE  
The example function  
that are defined in  
is in the  
drivers\  
. It was tested using Agilent VEE version 5.  
ps2000.vh  
subdirectory. It uses procedures  
ps2000.vee  
LabVIEW  
The  
example in the  
subdirectory shows how to access  
Drivers\Win32\  
ps2000.vi  
the driver functions using LabVIEW. It was tested using version 6.1 of LabVIEW for  
Windows. To use the example, copy these files to your LabVIEW directory:  
ps2000.vi  
open_unit.vi  
set_channel.vi  
setup_data_collection.vi  
You will also need  
ps2000.dll  
from the  
subdirectory.  
Drivers\  
PS2100044-1.0  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
 
Troubleshooting  
27  
4
Troubleshooting  
Software error codes  
4.1  
Consult this section if you are a PicoScope or PicoLog user. If you are writing your own  
program, refer to the driver error codes section.  
PicoLog reports error code .  
1
This error is reported when you try to open more than 4 PicoScope PC Oscilloscopes on  
one machine. It is not possible to use more than 4 units with PicoLog.  
PicoScope or PicoLog reports error code .  
2
This error is reported when the driver cannot allocate enough of the computer's  
memory to operate the unit. Consult the system requirements section for more  
information.  
PicoScope or PicoLog reports error code .  
3
This error indicates that a PicoScope 2000 Series PC Oscilloscope could not be found  
on your machine. Make sure the software is installed before the unit is plugged into  
the USB socket, and restart your computer.  
Ensure that the Windows Device Manager mentions the PicoScope 2000 Series unit. If  
the unit is not mentioned there, contact Pico Technical Support for further advice.  
PicoScope or PicoLog reports error code , or .  
4 5 6  
These errors are reported when there is a problem with the unit itself. They could arise  
from configuration settings being corrupted, or a firmware or hardware error.  
Unplug the unit, wait a few seconds, and reconnect it to the USB port. If the error is  
still reported, consult Pico Technical Support for further advice.  
PicoScope or PicoLog reports error code .  
7
This error is reported if the operating system is not recent enough to support the  
PicoScope 2000 Series PC Oscilloscope. Consult the system requirements section for  
more information.  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
PS2100044-1.0  
 
 
PicoScope 2104 & 2105 PC Oscilloscope User Guide  
28  
5
Glossary  
AC/DC switch  
To switch between measuring alternating current and direct current, select AC or DC  
from the control on the oscilloscope toolbar of the PicoScope software application.  
Choose the setting to suit the characteristics of the input signal.  
Analog bandwidth  
The input frequency at which the signal amplitude has fallen by 3 dB, or by half the  
power, from its nominal value.  
Block mode  
A sampling mode in which the computer prompts the PC Oscilloscope to collect a block  
of data into its internal memory before stopping the unit and transferring the whole  
block into computer memory. This is the best mode to use when the input signal being  
sampled contains high frequencies. Note: To avoid aliasing effects, the sampling rate  
must be greater than twice the maximum frequency in the input signal.  
Buffer size  
The size of the PicoScope PC Oscilloscope buffer memory. The unit uses this to store  
data temporarily, so that it can sample data independently of the speed at which it  
can transfer data to the computer.  
Driver  
A software application that controls a piece of hardware. The driver for the PicoScope  
2000 Series PC Oscilloscopes is supplied in the form of a 32-bit Windows DLL. This is  
used by the PicoScope and PicoLog software to control the units.  
ETS  
Equivalent time sampling. The PicoScope 2104 and 2105 can collect data over a  
number of cycles of a repetitive waveform to give a higher effective sampling rate  
than is possible for a single cycle. Equivalent time sampling allows the oscilloscope to  
use faster timebases than those available in real-time mode.  
Maximum sampling rate  
A figure indicating the maximum number of samples the unit is capable of acquiring  
per second. Maximum sample rates are usually given in MS/s (megasamples per  
second) or GS/s (gigasamples per second). The higher the sampling speed of the  
oscilloscope, the more accurate the representation of the high-frequency details in a  
fast signal.  
Oversampling  
A method of increasing the effective resolution of a measurement by sampling faster  
than the required sampling rate, then averaging the extra samples. An oversampling  
factor of four increases the effective resolution by one bit, but this increased resolution  
comes at the expense of reducing the maximum sampling rate by the same factor.  
PC Oscilloscope  
A virtual instrument consisting of a PicoScope PC Oscilloscope and the PicoScope  
software application.  
PicoLog software  
This is a software product that accompanies all our oscilloscopes. It turns your PC into  
a data logger and chart recorder.  
PicoScope 2000 Series  
A range of low-cost PC Oscilloscopes that includes the PicoScope 2202 entry-level unit  
and 2104 and 2105 variants.  
PS2100044-1.0  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
 
Glossary  
29  
PicoScope software  
This is a software product that accompanies all our oscilloscopes. It turns your PC into  
an oscilloscope, spectrum analyser, and meter display.  
Real-time continuous mode  
A sampling mode in which the software repeatedly requests single samples from the  
PC Oscilloscope. This mode is suitable for low sampling rates when you require the  
latest sample to be displayed as soon as it is captured.  
Streaming mode  
A sampling mode in which the PC Oscilloscope samples data and returns it to the  
computer in an unbroken stream. This mode of operation is suitable when the input  
signal being sampled contains only low frequencies.  
Timebase  
The timebase controls the time interval represented across the width of the  
oscilloscope screen. If you select "Scope timebase is time per division" in the Scope  
Advanced Options dialog box in the PicoScope application (Settings | Options,  
Advanced), it works like a traditional bench-top oscilloscope. There are ten divisions  
across the screen, so the total time interval is ten times the timebase.  
USB 1.1  
Universal Serial Bus (Full Speed). This is a standard port that enables you to connect  
external devices to PCs. A typical USB 1.1 port supports a data transfer rate of 12  
megabits per second, and is much faster than an RS-232 or COM port.  
USB 2.0  
Universal Serial Bus (High Speed). This is a standard port that enables you to connect  
external devices to PCs. A typical USB 2.0 port supports a data transfer rate 40 times  
faster than USB 1.1. USB 2.0 is backwards-compatible with USB 1.1.  
Vertical resolution  
A value, in bits, that indicates the number of input voltage levels that the oscilloscope  
can distinguish. Calculation techniques can improve the effective resolution.  
Voltage range  
The range of input voltages that the PC Oscilloscope will measure in a given mode.  
Windows Device Manager  
Windows Device Manager is a component of Microsoft Windows that displays the  
current hardware configuration of your computer. On Windows 98 or Windows ME,  
right click on My Computer, select Properties and click the Device Manager tab.  
On Windows 2000 or Windows XP, right-click My Computer, choose Properties, click  
the Hardware tab and then the Device Manager button.  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
PS2100044-1.0  
 
30  
PicoScope 2104 & 2105 PC Oscilloscope User Guide  
ps2000_get_times_and_values 11  
ps2000_get_unit_info 12  
ps2000_get_values 13  
ps2000_last_button_press 13  
ps2000_open_unit 14  
ps2000_ready 14  
ps2000_run_block 15  
ps2000_run_streaming 16  
ps2000_set_channel 17  
ps2000_set_ets 18  
Index  
A
AC coupling 22  
AC/DC switch 17, 21, 24  
Accuracy  
ADC 20, 22  
Agilent VEE 26  
Aliasing 22  
7
ps2000_set_trigger 19  
ps2000_stop 19  
Analog bandwidth  
7
G
Gain 21  
B
Ground clip  
6
Block mode 15, 20, 21, 22, 24  
Buffer memory 20, 21  
Buffer size  
7
H
Humidity  
7
C
C programming 24, 25  
Calibration  
Channel 10, 13, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24  
Compliance  
I
2
Illuminated button 6, 9  
Input  
Input connector  
Input range, maximum  
7
7
6
Contact details  
4
7
Installation  
6
D
Data logger  
DC coupling 22  
1
L
LabView driver 26  
Licence conditions  
Light 6, 9  
Delphi programming 26  
3
Dimensions, maximum  
7
Driver 8, 20, 21, 22, 24, 27  
Driver error codes 8, 27  
Linearity  
7
M
E
Macros in Excel 26  
Error codes 8, 27  
Memory buffer 20, 21  
Multi-unit operation 23  
ETS 7, 10, 11, 13, 18, 21, 24  
Excel macros 26  
N
F
Normal mode 21  
Functions 21, 22, 23, 24  
ps2000_close_unit  
9
ps2000_flash_led  
9
ps2000_get_timebase 10  
PS2100044-1.0  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
 
Index  
31  
Temperature  
7
Test equipment  
2
O
Threshold voltage 21  
Time interval 21, 22  
Timebase 7, 10, 15  
One-shot signal 21  
Operating environment  
Overload protection  
Oversampling 22  
7
Trademarks  
4
7
Triggering 21  
U
USB  
USB cable  
USB hub 23  
USB port 27  
P
1
PC connection  
PC oscilloscopes 1, 3  
Pico Technical Support 27  
PicoLog software 1, 8  
7
6
picopp.inf  
picopp.sys  
8
8
V
PicoScope 2000 Series PC Oscilloscopes 1,  
2, 3, 8, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27  
Vertical resolution 7, 22  
PicoScope software 1, 8  
Visual Basic programming 26  
Power supply  
Pre-trigger 21  
Probe  
7
Voltage ranges  
7
6
W
Warranty  
Programming  
Agilent VEE 26  
4
C
24, 25  
Windowed mode 21  
Windows Device Manager 27  
Dephi 26  
Excel 26  
LabView 26  
Visual Basic 26  
R
Real-time continuous mode 20  
Repair  
2
Resolution, vertical 22  
S
Safety symbols  
Safety warning  
1
2
Sampling rate 21  
Sampling rate, maximum  
Software error codes 27  
7
Spectrum analyser  
1
Streaming mode 16, 20, 21, 24  
System requirements, minimum  
5
T
Technical support 27  
Copyright 2006 Pico Technology Limited. All rights reserved.  
PS2100044-1.0  
 
Interworld Electronics & Computers Inc.  
P.O. Box 1280  
145 Tyee Drive, Suite 3120  
Point Roberts, WA 98281  
Tel: 1-877-902-2979  
Fax: 1-877-FAX-IECI  
Web: www.interworldna.com  
PS2100044-1.0 31.3.06  
 

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